Incorporating reproductive system history data into cardiovascular nursing research to advance women's health.

The lack of sex-specific variables, such as reproductive system history (RSH), in cardiovascular research studies is a missed opportunity to address the cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden, especially among women who face sex-specific risks of developing CVD. Collecting RSH data from women enrolled in research studies is an important step towards improving women's cardiovascular health. In this paper, we describe two approaches to collecting RSH in CVD research: extracting RSH from the medical record and participant self-report of RSH. We provide specific examples from our own research and address common data management and statistical analysis problems when dealing with RSH data in research.

Using a Flipped Classroom Model to Deliver Cardiovascular Nursing Education: A Continuous Quality Improvement Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic served as a catalyst to change a didactic class training series consisting of passive lecture-based learning to a flipped classroom model with active learning techniques for newly hired nurses to a cardiovascular center. The purpose of this quality improvement project is to measure if utilizing a flipped classroom model to teach new cardiovascular nurses elicits the same class evaluation measurements compared to a traditional in-person didactic learning model.

Conhecimento e sentimentos de pessoas pré-procedimento de cateterismo cardíaco / Knowledge and feelings of people before cardiac catheterization procedure / Conocimientos y sentimientos de las personas antes del procedimiento de cateterismo cardíaco

Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento e sentimentos de pessoas sobre o cateterismo cardíaco. Método: estudo descritivo, abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 12 pacientes em hospital referência em cardiologia, no município de João Pessoa, no período de novembro a dezembro de 2021. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevista gravada e semiestruturada, os dados analisados pela Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: a partir das entrevistas foram construídas três categorias temáticas: C1 - Conhecimento do procedimento de cateterismo cardíaco, C2 - Falta de orientação dos cuidados que envolvem o cateterismo cardíaco e C3 - Sentimentos à realização do cateterismo cardíaco. Os dados evidenciam um conhecimento insuficiente e limitado que podem se relacionar com o surgimento de sentimentos negativos. Considerações finais: Percebe-se a necessidade de orientações e informações, bem como o planejamento e construção de tecnologias educativas para as pessoas que irão realizar o cateterismo cardíaco, com a finalidade de promover um pré, intra e pós-exame seguro

Objective: to identify people's knowledge and feelings about cardiac catheterization. Method: descriptive study, qualitative approach, carried out with 12 patients in a cardiology reference hospital, in the city of João Pessoa, from November to December 2021. Data were collected through recorded and semi-structured interviews, the data analyzed by Analysis of Bardin content. Results: three thematic categories were constructed from the interviews: C1 - Knowledge of the cardiac catheterization procedure, C2 - Lack of guidance on care involving cardiac catheterization and C3 - Feelings regarding cardiac catheterization. The data highlights insufficient and limited knowledge that may be related to the emergence of negative feelings. Final considerations: There is a perceived need for guidance and information, as well as the planning and construction of educational technologies for people who will undergo cardiac catheterization, with the purpose of promoting a safe pre, intra and post-exam

Objetivos: identificar los conocimientos y sentimientos de las personas sobre el cateterismo cardíaco. Método: estudio descriptivo, de enfoque cualitativo, realizado con 12 pacientes en un hospital de referencia en cardiología, en la ciudad de João Pessoa, de noviembre a diciembre de 2021. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas grabadas y semiestructuradas, los datos analizados por Análisis de Bardin contenido. Resultados: a partir de las entrevistas se construyeron tres categorías temáticas: C1 - Conocimiento sobre el procedimiento de cateterismo cardíaco, C2 - Falta de orientación sobre los cuidados relacionados con el cateterismo cardíaco y C3 - Sentimientos respecto al cateterismo cardíaco. Los datos destacan conocimientos insuficientes y limitados que pueden estar relacionados con la aparición de sentimientos negativos. Consideraciones finales: Se percibe la necesidad de orientación e información, así como la planificación y construcción de tecnologías educativas para las personas que serán sometidas a cateterismo cardíaco, con el propósito de promover un pre, intra y post examen seguro

Competency-based cardiac imaging for patient-centred care. A statement of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). With the contribution of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), and the support of the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing & Allied Professions (ACNAP), the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care (ACVC), the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC), the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI), the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), and the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.

Imaging plays an integral role in all aspects of managing heart disease and cardiac imaging is a core competency of cardiologists. The adequate delivery of cardiac imaging services requires expertise in both imaging methodology-with specific adaptations to imaging of the heart-as well as intricate knowledge of heart disease. The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging have developed and implemented a successful education and certification programme for all cardiac imaging modalities. This programme equips cardiologists to provide high quality competency-based cardiac imaging services ensuring they are adequately trained and competent in the entire process of cardiac imaging, from the clinical indication via selecting the best imaging test to answer the clinical question, to image acquisition, analysis, interpretation, storage, repository, and results dissemination. This statement emphasizes the need for competency-based cardiac imaging delivery which is key to optimal, effective and efficient, patient care.

Competency-based cardiac imaging for patient-centred care. A statement of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). With the contribution of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), and the support of the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing & Allied Professions (ACNAP), the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care (ACVC), the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC), the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI), the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), and the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.

Imaging plays an integral role in all aspects of managing heart disease and cardiac imaging is a core competency of cardiologists. The adequate delivery of cardiac imaging services requires expertise in both imaging methodology-with specific adaptations to imaging of the heart-as well as intricate knowledge of heart disease. The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging have developed and implemented a successful education and certification programme for all cardiac imaging modalities. This programme equips cardiologists to provide high quality competency-based cardiac imaging services ensuring they are adequately trained and competent in the entire process of cardiac imaging, from the clinical indication via selecting the best imaging test to answer the clinical question, to image acquisition, analysis, interpretation, storage, repository, and results dissemination. This statement emphasizes the need for competency-based cardiac imaging delivery which is key to optimal, effective and efficient, patient care.

Updates and Advances in Cardiovascular Nursing: Peripheral Arterial Disease.

This article focuses on peripheral arterial disease (PAD) of the lower extremities. There is a higher incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death, resulting in higher rates of all-cause mortality compared with patients without PAD. Thus, the presence of PAD is a marker for systemic atherosclerotic disease and can lead to the early detection and treatment of coronary artery disease or cerebrovascular disease. This article reviews the latest information about the prevalence, symptoms, classification, diagnosis, and treatment of PAD. Monitoring and detection of PAD are also discussed, including implications for nursing care.

Manejo del ictus agudo. Tratamientos y cuidados específicos de enfermería en la Unidad de Ictus / Management of acute stroke. Specific nursing care and treatments in the stroke unit

Objetivo: Proporcionar un conjunto de recomendaciones actualizadas y basadas en la evidenciadisponible para el manejo del ictus agudo. Nuestro objetivo es proporcionar una base para eldesarrollo de los protocolos internos de cada centro, sirviendo de referencia para los cuidadosde enfermería. Métodos: Revisión de evidencias disponibles sobre los cuidados del ictus agudo. Se han consultado las guías nacionales e internacionales más recientes. Los niveles de evidencia y grados derecomendación se han basado en la clasificación del Centro de Medicina Basada en la Evidenciade Oxford. Resultados: Se describen la atención y los cuidados del ictus agudo en la fase prehospitalaria,el funcionamiento de código ictus, la atención por el equipo de ictus a la llegada al hospital,los tratamientos de reperfusión y sus limitaciones, el ingreso en la Unidad de Ictus, los cuidadosde enfermería en la Unidad de Ictus y el alta hospitalaria. Conclusiones: Estas pautas proporcionan recomendaciones generales basadas en la evidenciaactualmente disponible para guiar a los profesionales que atienden a pacientes con ictus agudo.En algunos casos, sin embargo, existen datos limitados demostrando la necesidad de continuarinvestigando sobre el manejo del ictus agudo.(AU)

Objective: This study provides a series of updated, evidence-based recommendations for the management of acute stroke. We aim to lay a foundation for the development of individual centres’ internal protocols, serving as a reference for nursing care. Methods: We review the available evidence on acute stroke care. The most recent national and international guidelines were consulted. Levels of evidence and degrees of recommendation are based on the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine classification. Results: The study describes prehospital acute stroke care, the operation of the code stroke protocol, care provided by the stroke team upon the patient’s arrival at hospital, reperfusion treatments and their limitations, admission to the stroke unit, nursing care in the stroke unit, and discharge from hospital. Conclusions: These guidelines provide general, evidence-based recommendations to guide professionals who care for patients with acute stroke. However, limited data are available on some aspects, showing the need for continued research on acute stroke management.(AU)

Global perspectives on heart disease rehabilitation and secondary prevention: a scientific statement from the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions, European Association of Preventive Cardiology, and International Council of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation.

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death, morbidity, disability, and reduced health-related quality of life, as well as economic burden worldwide, with some 80% of disease burden occurring in the low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings. With increasing numbers of people living longer with symptomatic disease, the effectiveness and accessibility of secondary preventative and rehabilitative health services have never been more important. Whilst LMICs experience the highest prevalence and mortality rates, the global approach to secondary prevention and cardiac rehabilitation, which mitigates this burden, has traditionally been driven from clinical guidelines emanating from high-income settings. This state-of-the art review provides a contemporary global perspective on cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention, contrasting the challenges of and opportunities for high vs. lower income settings. Actionable solutions to overcome system, clinician, programme, and patient level barriers to cardiac rehabilitation access in LMICs are provided.

Comentario del CEIPV a las nuevas Guías Europeas de Prevención Cardiovascular 2021 / Statement of the Spanish Interdisciplinary Vascular Prevention Committee on the updated European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

Presentamos la adaptación española de las Guías Europeas de Prevención Cardiovascular 2021. En esta actualización, además del abordaje individual, se pone mucho más énfasis en las políticas sanitarias como estrategia de prevención poblacional. Se recomienda el cálculo del riesgo vascular de manera sistemática a todas las personas adultas con algún factor de riesgo vascular. Los objetivos terapéuticos para el colesterol LDL, la presión arterial y la glucemia no han cambiado respecto a las anteriores guías, pero se recomienda alcanzar estos objetivos de forma escalonada (etapas 1 y 2). Se recomienda llegar siempre hasta la etapa 2, y la intensificación del tratamiento dependerá del riesgo a los 10 años y de por vida, del beneficio del tratamiento, de las comorbilidades, de la fragilidad y de las preferencias de los pacientes. Las guías presentan por primera vez un nuevo modelo para calcular el riesgo SCORE2 y SCORE2-OP de morbimortalidad vascular en los próximos 10 años (infarto de miocardio, ictus y mortalidad vascular) en hombres y mujeres entre 40 y 89 años. Otra de las novedades sustanciales es el establecimiento de diferentes umbrales de riesgo dependiendo de la edad (<50, 50-69, ≥70 años). (AU)

We present the Spanish adaptation of the 2021 European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease prevention in clinical practice. The current guidelines besides the individual approach greatly emphasize on the importance of population level approaches to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Systematic global cardiovascular diseases risk assessment is recommended in individuals with any major vascular risk factor. Regarding LDL-cholesterol, blood pressure, and glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus, goals and targets remain as recommended in previous guidelines. However, it is proposed a new, stepwise approach (step 1 and 2) to treatment intensification as a tool to help physicians and patients pursue these targets in a way that fits patient profile. After step 1, considering proceeding to the intensified goals of step 2 is mandatory, and this intensification will be based on 10-year cardiovascular diseases risk, lifetime cardiovascular diseases risk and treatment benefit, comorbidities and patient preferences. The updated SCORE algorithm ?SCORE2, SCORE2-OP? is recommended in these guidelines, which estimates an individual's 10-year risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular diseases events (myocardial infarction, stroke and vascular mortality) in healthy men and women aged 40-89 years. Another new and important recommendation is the use of different categories of risk according different age groups (<50, 50-69, ≥70 years). (AU)

Dificuldades do enfermeiro em situação de paragem cardiorrespiratória: desenvolvimento de competências especializadas em enfermagem na área da pessoa em situação crítica / Nurses' difficulties in cardiac arrest situations: developing specialised nursing skills in the area of people in critical situations

Enquadramento: Relatório realizado no âmbito do Mestrado em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica ­ Área de Especialização em Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Crítica, da Escola Superior de Saúde, do Politécnico de Leiria, com vista à obtenção do título de Mestre. Objetivos: Refletir sobre o desenvolvimento de competências comuns e específicas; analisar sinteticamente as atividades realizadas, experiências e vivências marcantes que contribuíram para a futura prática, enquanto enfermeira especialista; identificar situações que promoveram ou dificultaram o processo de aprendizagem ao longo dos Ensinos Clínicos; descrever um projeto de melhoria contínua da qualidade implementado em contexto de prática clínica. Métodos: Na primeira parte será utilizada uma metodologia crítico-reflexiva, sobre o desenvolvimento de competências comuns e específicas, desenvolvidas nos ensinos clínicos. Na segunda parte, deste relatório, será descrito o estudo de investigação-ação inserido no projeto de melhoria contínua da qualidade dos cuidados de enfermagem, realizado no contexto de trabalho da estudante, sobre a temática "Perceção das Dificuldades sentidas pelos Enfermeiro em Situação de Paragem Cardiorrespiratória". Resultados: Da análise realizada é possível depreender que, os ensinos clínicos, como estratégias formativas de desenvolvimento de competências comuns e específicas do enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem médico-cirúrgica, permitiram um desenvolvimento sustentado e crítico-reflexivo de aprendizagens. No que diz respeito ao estudo de investigação-ação, este veio contribuir para o desenvolvimento de competências de investigação e de implementação de processos de melhoria contínua da qualidade, em contexto clínico. Conclusão: Os ensinos clínicos são excelentes ferramentas de aprendizagem e treino de competências comuns e específicas exigidas aos enfermeiros especialistas. Por sua vez, a elaboração de projetos de melhoria contínua da qualidade, evidencia a importância de aliar a investigação e a implementação da evidência mais recente, aos contextos clínicos, melhorando a qualidade dos cuidados prestados.

Background: Report carried out as part of the Master's Degree in Medical-Surgical Nursing - Specialisation Area in Nursing for People in Critical Situations, at the Escola Superior de Saúde, Polytechnic of Leiria, with a view to obtaining a Master's Degree. Objectives: To reflect on the development of common and specific competences; to synthetically analyse the activities carried out, experiences and highlights that have contributed to future practice as a specialist nurse; to identify situations that have promoted or hindered the learning process during Clinical Teaching; to describe a continuous quality improvement project implemented in the context of clinical practice. Methods: In the first part, a critical-reflective methodology will be used on the development of common and specific competences developed in clinical training. The second part of this report will describe the action-research study as part of the project to continuously improve the quality of nursing care, carried out in the student's work context, on the theme "Perception of the Difficulties Felt by Nurses in Cardiorespiratory Arrest Situations". Results: From the analysis carried out, it is possible to deduce that, the clinical teachings, as training strategies for the development of common and specific competences for nurses specialising in medical-surgical nursing, allowed for a sustained and critical-reflective development of learning. With regard to the action research study, it contributed to the development of research skills and the implementation of continuous quality improvement processes in a clinical context. Conclusion: Clinical training courses are excellent tools for learning and training the common and specific competences required of specialised nurses. In turn, the development of continuous quality improvement projects highlights the importance of combining research and the implementation of the latest evidence in clinical contexts, improving the quality of care provided.

The Core Curriculum for Cardiovascular Nurses and Allied Professionals.

This 2023 update of the Core Curriculum in Cardiovascular Nursing (2015) embraces the formation of the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professionals and reflects the diverse professional backgrounds of our members, including nurses, allied health professionals, and healthcare scientists (in this document referred to collectively as Nurses and Allied Professionals).

Estrategia de apropiación social del conocimiento en la isquemia cardiaca / Strategy for the social appropriation of knowledge in myocardial ischemia

Introducción: La construcción de conocimiento a partir del intercambio de saberes entre pacientes, familias y equipo de salud es una necesidad sentida que puede impactar en la educación en salud y la adherencia a los tratamientos. Objetivo: Desarrollar una estrategia de apropiación social que permita innovar en el cuidado de la salud de las personas con enfermedad isquémica cardiaca y sus familias mediante el uso de la herramienta MHealth. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio exploratorio que permitió el diseño de una estrategia de apropiación social de conocimiento para mejorar la salud cardiovascular de personas que sufren isquemia cardiaca. Participaron 31 personas entre pacientes, familiares, profesionales de la salud. Se desarrollaron dos talleres virtuales en el mes de junio y seguimientos telefónicos entre agosto y septiembre. Las experiencias y saberes de los participantes, permitió la construcción de la herramienta MHealth. Resultados: La reflexión crítica entre los actores facilitó la construcción y desarrollo de la herramienta tipo MHealth (página web/app) titulada "Cuidando tu corazón", que permite el acceso a información relacionada con el cuidado durante la isquemia cardiaca y articula información a partir del diálogo de saberes y la evidencia reportada en la literatura. Discusión: Las estrategias de apropiación social son una herramienta relevante para la generación de conocimiento en el área de la salud. Conclusiones: La estrategia implementada permitió reconocer la importancia de contar con herramientas para el cuidado de la salud cardiovascular elaboradas desde las necesidades, perspectivas y creencias de sus actores para mejorar la educación y el cuidado.

Introduction: The construction of knowledge from the exchange of knowledge between patients, families, and healthcare teams is a felt need that can impact health education and adherence to treatment. Objective: To develop a social appropriation strategy that enables innovation in the health care of people with ischemic heart disease and their families through the use of an MHealth tool. Materials and methods: Exploratory study that allowed the design of a strategy for the social appropriation of knowledge to improve the cardiovascular health of people suffering from myocardial ischemia. Thirty-one people participated, including patients, family members, and health professionals. Two virtual workshops were held in June, and follow-up phone calls were made between August and September. The participant's experiences and knowledge enabled the construction of the MHealth tool. Results: The critical reflection of the stakeholders facilitated the construction and development of the MHealth tool (webpage/app) named "Cuidando tu corazón" (Taking care of your heart). Discussion: Social appropriation strategies are a relevant tool for knowledge creation in health. Conclusions: The strategy implemented made it possible to recognize the importance of developing cardiovascular healthcare tools from stakeholders' needs, perspectives, and beliefs to improve education and care.

Introdução: A construção do conhecimento a partir da troca de conhecimentos entre pacientes, familiares e equipe de saúde é uma necessidade sentida que pode impactar na educação em saúde e na adesão aos tratamentos. Objetivo: Desenvolver uma estratégia de apropriação social que permita inovar na atenção à saúde de pessoas com doença isquêmica do coração e seus familiares por meio do uso da ferramenta MHealth. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo exploratório que permitiu desenhar uma estratégia de apropriação social do conhecimento para melhorar a saúde cardiovascular de pessoas com isquemia cardíaca. Participaram 31 pessoas, entre pacientes, familiares e profissionais de saúde. Foram realizadas dois seminários virtuais em junho e acompanhamentos por telefone entre agosto e setembro. As experiências e conhecimentos dos participantes permitiram a construção da ferramenta MHealth. Resultados: A reflexão crítica entre os atores facilitou a construção e desenvolvimento da ferramenta do tipo MHealth (página web/ aplicativo) intitulada "Cuidando do seu coração", que permite o acesso às informações relacionadas aos cuidados durante a isquemia cardíaca e articula as informações a partir do diálogo de conhecimento e as evidências relatadas na literatura. Discussão: As estratégias de apropriação social são uma ferramenta relevante para a geração de conhecimento na área da saúde. Conclusões: A estratégia implementada possibilitou reconhecer a importância de ter ferramentas para o cuidado à saúde cardiovascular elaboradas a partir das necessidades, perspectivas e crenças de seus atores para melhorar a educação e o cuidado.

Cardiovascular Nursing Workforce Challenges: Transforming the Model of Care for the Future.

The complexities of acute and critical care cardiovascular management demand specialty trained and experienced nurses to ensure quality patient outcomes. An ongoing nurse labor shortage threatens to destabilize the healthcare system and presents a twofold challenge: a decreasing supply of registered nurses and increasing demand for nursing services. This article describes the numerous forces driving the current nursing shortage as well as the impact of the coronavirus-19 pandemic on nurse job satisfaction and turnover. We present a reinvented model of nursing care as a framework for healthcare organizations to address nurse staffing challenges.

Integrated care in cardiovascular disease: a statement of the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions of the European Society of Cardiology.

In a rapidly changing health and care landscape, there is acknowledgement that the organization of care should be integrated with the patient placed at the centre. In reality, care systems are often fragmented, disjointed, and focused on the condition rather than the patient. The Science Committee of the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions of the European Society of Cardiology recognizes the need for a statement on integrated care to guide health professionals caring for people with cardiovascular disease. This statement outlines the evidence for integrated cardiovascular care, identifies challenges, and offers advice for practice, education, and research.